植物研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 449-457.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2021.03.016
        
               		张东1,2, 刘艳1(
), 张晗1, 张子健1, 王洋1, 刘美岑1
                  
        
        
        
        
    
收稿日期:2020-01-14
									
				
									
				
									
				
											出版日期:2021-05-20
									
				
											发布日期:2021-03-24
									
			通讯作者:
					刘艳
											E-mail:zgnly@163.com
												作者简介:张东(1993—),男,博士研究生,主要从事园艺植物种质资源保存及植物逆境生理研究。
				
							基金资助:
        
               		Dong ZHANG1,2, Yan LIU1(
), Han ZHANG1, Zi-Jian ZHANG1, Yang WANG1, Mei-Cen LIU1
			  
			
			
			
                
        
    
Received:2020-01-14
									
				
									
				
									
				
											Online:2021-05-20
									
				
											Published:2021-03-24
									
			Contact:
					Yan LIU   
											E-mail:zgnly@163.com
												About author:ZHANG Dong(1993—),male,PhD candidate,mainly engaged in the conservation of horticultural plant germplasm resources and the physiological study of plant stress.				
							Supported by:摘要:
叶片结构在植物防御生物和非生物胁迫方面起着重要的作用,可通过合成、储存和分泌次生代谢产物提高植物抗性。以甘草幼苗为试材,采用盆栽控水自然干旱法,探讨叶片光合作用、气孔微形态和腺体形态对干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明:①随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均呈先升高后降低的趋势;其中胞间CO2浓度(Ci)在重度干旱胁迫(severe stress,SS)时迅速增高。②随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,叶片总气孔密度和气孔开张比呈先增大后减小的趋势;而气孔开张宽度呈逐渐减小的趋势。③随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,叶片上表皮和下表皮腺体密度总数整体上呈增大的趋势,腺体颜色随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧逐渐加深,形状出现不规则褶皱和内陷。总之,甘草叶片表面的腺体特征参与抗旱逆境调节,从而避免干旱胁迫对甘草植株的伤害;在SS下,胁迫程度加速了气孔细胞的程序性死亡(PCD),甘草幼苗失去抗旱能力。
中图分类号:
张东, 刘艳, 张晗, 张子健, 王洋, 刘美岑. 甘草叶片形态结构和光合作用对干旱胁迫的响应[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(3): 449-457.
Dong ZHANG, Yan LIU, Han ZHANG, Zi-Jian ZHANG, Yang WANG, Mei-Cen LIU. Response of Photosynthesis and Leaf Morphological Characteristics to Drought Stress in Glycyrrhiza uralensis[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2021, 41(3): 449-457.
表1
干旱胁迫下甘草叶片表皮气孔形态结构
材料 Material  | 处理 Treatment  | 上表皮密度 Stomatal density of upper epidermis (个·mm-2)  | 下表皮密度 Stomatal density of lower epidermis (个·mm-2)  | 上表皮开张比 Porosity opening ratio of upper epidermis(%)  | 下表皮开张比 Porosity opening ratio of lower epidermis(%)  | 上表皮开张宽度 Stomatal opening width of upper epidermis(μm)  | 下表皮开张宽度 Stomatal opening width of lower epidermis(μm)  | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
新叶 Young leaves  | CK | 75.3±4.5b | 216.7±4.5ab | 46.0±1.0b | 34. 7±1.5b | 1.36±0.05b | 2.14±0.05a | 
| LS | 91.3±5.1a | 224±2.6a | 53. 7±1.5a | 48.0±2.0a | 1.72±0.04a | 1.74±0.05b | |
| MS | 66.7±3.5bc | 203.7±3.5bc | 44.3±1.2b | 30.7±2.1b | 0.78±0.04c | 0.60±0.03c | |
| SS | 61.7±4.7c | 180.7±3.1c | 38.3±1.5c | 13.7±1.5c | 0.58±0.03d | 0.52±0.01c | |
成熟叶 Mature leaves  | CK | 71.3±4.5b | 260±3.0a | 68. 7±1.5a | 57.33±0.6b | 1.92±0.04a | 2.4±0.1a | 
| LS | 104.7±6.5a | 201.3±4.2b | 71.3±1.5a | 73.33±1.5a | 1.89±0.03a | 2.1±0.02b | |
| MS | 87.7±2.5b | 142.3±1.5c | 30.7±2.5b | 51±1.0b | 1.15±0.05b | 0.77±0.03c | |
| SS | 38.3±3.5c | 213.3±2.5b | 22.3±2.5c | 10.33±1.5c | 0.95±0.05c | 0.73±0.04c | |
衰老叶 Aging leaves  | CK | 76.3±2.5a | 167.3±2.5a | 58±2.0b | 23.67±1.5b | 1.18±0.03b | 0.98±0.02a | 
| LS | 62.7±2.5b | 141.3±3.5b | 67.7±1.2a | 29±1.0a | 1.38±0.03a | 0.94±0.03a | |
| MS | 46.3±3.5c | 173.7±2.5a | 21±2.6c | 12.33±1.5cd | 0.78±0.03c | 0.71±0.02bc | |
| SS | 24.0±3.6d | 163.7±4.0a | 17.7±0.6c | 7.67±1.5d | 0.77±0.03c | 0.58±0.03c | 
表2
干旱胁迫下甘草叶片表皮腺体分布
材料 Material  | 处理 Treatment  | 上表皮 Upper epidermis (ind.·mm-2)  | 下表皮 Lower epidermis (ind.·mm-2)  | 表皮 Epidermis (ind.·mm-2)  | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
新叶 Young leaves  | CK | 2.18±0.15c | 5.08±0.23c | 7.26±0.12c | 
| LS | 2.18±0.44c | 7.63±0.15ab | 9.81±0.58b | |
| MS | 3.63±0.44b | 6.17±0.15c | 9.80±0.44b | |
| SS | 5.16±0.38a | 8.35±0.15a | 13.51±0.52a | |
成熟叶 Mature leaves  | CK | 2.98±0.44a | 4.79±0.58c | 7.77±0.58c | 
| LS | 3.50±0.15bc | 5.48±0.44a | 8.98±0.65bc | |
| MS | 1.96±0.22b | 5.81±0.36c | 7.77±0.44c | |
| SS | 1.16±0.30c | 7.63±0.22b | 8.79±0.22a | |
衰老叶 Aging leaves  | CK | 0.87±0.15bc | 4.54±0.44b | 5.41±0.15b | 
| LS | 1.69±0.22b | 3.60±0.30c | 5.29±0.22b | |
| MS | 1.23±0.15b | 3.85±0.22b | 5.08±0.29b | |
| SS | 2.40±0.36a | 6.90±0.44a | 9.30±0.36a | 
表3
干旱胁迫下甘草叶片表皮腺毛分布
材料 Material  | 处理 Treatment  | 上表皮 Upper epidermis (ind./mm2)  | 下表皮 Lower epidermis (ind./mm2)  | 表皮 Epidermis (ind./mm2)  | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
新叶 Young leaves  | CK | 5.81±0.44bc | 4.72±0.36c | 10.53±0.73c | 
| LS | 3.63±0.36c | 3.63±0.22c | 17.26±0.94b | |
| MS | 11.98±0.58a | 10.89±0.58a | 22.88±0.91a | |
| SS | 2.18±0.22c | 9.08±0.73ab | 11.26±0.58c | |
成熟叶 Mature leaves  | CK | 3.99±0.29b | 5.08±0.51c | 9.08±0.36b | 
| LS | 1.09±0.15c | 5.45±0.44c | 6.54±0.29c | |
| MS | 5.08±0.44b | 22.50±0.87a | 27.60±0.44a | |
| SS | 9.80±0.80a | 17.79±0.94b | 27.60±0.80a | |
衰老叶 Aging leaves  | CK | 5.08±0.36b | 5.08±0.51b | 10.17±0.15b | 
| LS | 9.80±0.22a | 2.54±0.29c | 12.35±0.22a | |
| MS | 4.36±0.22b | 5.45±0.36b | 9.80±0.58b | |
| SS | 1.45±0.15c | 8.35±0.65a | 9.80±0.44b | 
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