植物研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 667-676.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.04.016
收稿日期:2021-04-29
									
				
									
				
									
				
											出版日期:2022-07-20
									
				
											发布日期:2022-07-15
									
			通讯作者:
					潘文
											E-mail:Panwen@sinogaf.cn
												作者简介:杨会肖(1981—),女,高级工程师,博士,主要从事林木遗传育种的研究。
				
							基金资助:
        
               		Huixiao YANG, Fang XU, Xiaohui YANG, Huanqin LIAO, Weihua ZHANG, Wen PAN(
)
			  
			
			
			
                
        
    
Received:2021-04-29
									
				
									
				
									
				
											Online:2022-07-20
									
				
											Published:2022-07-15
									
			Contact:
					Wen PAN   
											E-mail:Panwen@sinogaf.cn
												About author:YANG Huixiao(1981—),female,senior engineer,doctor,majoring in the research of forest genetics and breeding.				
							Supported by:摘要:
为筛选适宜不同水肥条件的尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)优良无性系,以34个尾叶桉无性系为研究对象,采用2因素(水分、养分)3水平完全随机区组设计,对不同水肥处理下18个月的尾叶桉苗木生长和各器官生物量进行方差分析和遗传参数评估。结果表明:除少数性状外,尾叶桉生长(树高、地径)和生物量(主干、侧枝、根)在不同区组、水分、养分、水分×养分互作及无性系的差异间均达到显著或极显著水平,表明水分、养分和无性系会影响尾叶桉生长和各器官生物量大小。在水分和养分组合处理下,尾叶桉生长和各个器官生物量在组合33(高水高肥)和组合32(高水中肥)处理下表现较好。全株总鲜质量在组合32处理最大,与组合11处理相比增加了135.70%。主干、根、叶和总生物量的鲜质量与干质量相关系数最高,相关系数在0.90以上。无性系在树高、地径和生物量的方差分量为4.28~31 255.80,大部分性状的单株重复力在0.15以上,且都达到了显著水平。以15%无性系入选率,采用BLUP预测的尾叶桉无性系基因型值筛选出ZQUB39和ZQUC23尾叶桉在水分和养分梯度较低的土壤环境中生长较好,UD42、LDUC1和ZQUA3在水分和养分梯度较高的土壤环境中生长较好。这些优良无性系可能在多种立地进行推广种植。
中图分类号:
杨会肖, 徐放, 杨晓慧, 廖焕琴, 张卫华, 潘文. 不同水肥处理对尾叶桉苗木生长及生物量分配的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(4): 667-676.
Huixiao YANG, Fang XU, Xiaohui YANG, Huanqin LIAO, Weihua ZHANG, Wen PAN. Effects of Different Water and Nutrient Treatments on Growth and Biomass Distribution of Eucalyptus urophylla Clones[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(4): 667-676.
表1
尾叶桉无性系各性状三因素方差分析结果
性状 Trait  | 区组 Block  | 水分 Water  | 养分 Nutrient  | 无性系 Clone  | 水分×养分 Water×Nutrient  | 水分×无性系 Water×Clone  | 养分×无性系 Nutrient×Clone  | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 树高 Height | 5.95** | 218.76** | 184.21** | 5.34** | 2.74* | 1.08 | 1.43* | 
| 地径 Diameter | 3.52* | 7.47** | 118.31** | 6.74** | 2.26 | 0.86 | 2.42** | 
| 主干鲜质量 Fresh mass of trunk | 0.10 | 129.23*** | 289.86*** | 4.67*** | 4.39** | 0.79 | 2.01*** | 
| 主干干质量 Dry mass of trunk | 0.89 | 113.93*** | 204.18*** | 5.77*** | 5.13*** | 1.03 | 2.03*** | 
| 侧枝鲜质量 Fresh mass of branches | 1.09 | 106.82*** | 775.58*** | 6.33*** | 15.08*** | 1.52** | 1.79*** | 
| 侧枝干质量 Dry mass of branches | 15.93*** | 50.98*** | 156.64*** | 2.12*** | 8.43*** | 0.78 | 0.74 | 
| 根鲜质量 Fresh mass of root | 5.45*** | 231.93*** | 29.05*** | 6.07*** | 15.86*** | 1.26 | 1.27 | 
| 根干质量 Dry mass of root | 5.68** | 202.89*** | 14.30*** | 5.53*** | 13.35*** | 1.13 | 1.48* | 
| 叶鲜质量 Fresh mass of leaves | 6.06** | 1.21 | 42.95*** | 1.06 | 8.62*** | 0.88 | 0.96 | 
| 叶干质量 Dry mass of leaves | 5.07** | 0.19 | 18.41*** | 1.11 | 7.62*** | 0.95 | 0.98 | 
| 总鲜质量 Total fresh mass | 3.53* | 86.86*** | 133.12*** | 1.99** | 3.48* | 1.32 | 1.25 | 
| 总干质量 Total dry mass | 2.66 | 96.50*** | 83.82*** | 1.52* | 4.76*** | 1.37* | 1.10 | 
表2
尾叶桉无性系不同处理间生长和通直度多重比较分析结果
组合 Combination  | 水分 Water  | 养分 Nutrient  | 树高 Height /cm  | 地径 Diameter /mm  | 枝下高 Under branch height /cm  | 通直度 Straightness  | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | 1 | 1 | 162.06±31.56d | 29.27±3.75e | 54.63±26.58ab | 3.01±0.81b | 
| 12 | 1 | 2 | 205.28±42.89b | 33.31±4.33d | 48.28±23.88bc | 2.55±0.80c | 
| 13 | 1 | 3 | 217.81±46.83ab | 35.21±4.54c | 47.87±26.51bc | 1.98±0.88e | 
| 21 | 2 | 1 | 177.89±31.20c | 33.21±3.70d | 55.21±30.37ab | 3.39±0.88a | 
| 22 | 2 | 2 | 207.27±41.27b | 39.29±5.07b | 44.19±21.02c | 2.02±0.90e | 
| 23 | 2 | 3 | 227.86±50.14a | 41.91±6.01a | 49.38±25.90bc | 2.07±0.87de | 
| 31 | 3 | 1 | 184.13±31.64c | 36.31±4.01c | 60.77±25.85a | 3.15±1.09ab | 
| 32 | 3 | 2 | 216.08±35.32ab | 42.69±5.08a | 54.83±29.32ab | 2.33±0.95cd | 
| 33 | 3 | 3 | 221.34±51.90a | 43.22±6.62a | 51.64±27.06abc | 1.69±0.72f | 
表3
尾叶桉无性系不同处理间各生物量多重比较分析结果
水分 Water  | 养分 Nutrient  | 主干 Trunk | 侧枝 Branches | 根 Root | 叶 Leaves | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鲜质量 Fresh mass /g  | 干质量 Dry mass /g  | 鲜质量 Fresh mass /g  | 干质量 Dry mass /g  | 鲜质量 Fresh mass /g  | 干质量 Dry mass /g  | 鲜质量 Fresh mass /g  | 干质量 Dry mass /g  | ||
| 1 | 1 | 454.53±147.31f | 201.55±71.71e | 177.16±132.81d | 101.82±69.55d | 767.66±290.04e | 395.32±150.35d | 247.62±73.69e | 133.39±45.67c | 
| 1 | 2 | 835.85±284.65cd | 344.31±120.50c | 586.67±247.46c | 283.05±162.15c | 711.54±246.92e | 330.60±119.94e | 516.98±313.06a | 251.27±287.48a | 
| 1 | 3 | 925.71±406.78c | 366.88±183.04c | 663.04±238.03c | 314.37±133.37c | 710.09±315.45e | 321.39±153.90e | 470.63±227.44ab | 232.17±117.58ab | 
| 2 | 1 | 650.47±184.73e | 272.19±73.87d | 203.47±97.21d | 175.34±160.62d | 1063.92±428.07d | 554.60±199.16c | 331.82±89.26d | 178.64±55.20c | 
| 2 | 2 | 1146.55±369.40b | 465.35±171.10b | 832.73±214.44b | 631.99±426.38a | 1334.63±427.86bc | 625.94±180.47b | 444.61±193.89bc | 231.88±103.69ab | 
| 2 | 3 | 1364.43±448.12a | 558.18±203.44a | 894.07±294.84b | 499.81±294.37b | 1172.03±484.37d | 541.80±224.93c | 515.83±228.25a | 263.64±136.19a | 
| 3 | 1 | 759.31±242.47d | 315.15±91.82cd | 247.70±101.62d | 134.40±57.35d | 1200.94±384.86cd | 585.69±188.47bc | 374.66±136.91d | 221.02±165.01bc | 
| 3 | 2 | 1350.14±348.71a | 566.02±179.50a | 981.13±316.69a | 500.14±270.07b | 1802.54±636.37a | 800.59±272.20a | 391.12±197.86cd | 211.85±104.77bc | 
| 3 | 3 | 1442.74±477.12a | 579.63±211.22a | 1035.44±363.85a | 526.8±265.74b | 1469.31±511.07b | 632.48±233.67b | 441.54±269.09bc | 233.97±126.91ab | 
表4
尾叶桉不同性状间的相关系数
性状 Traits  | 地径 Diameter  | 树高 Height  | 主干鲜质量 Fresh mass of trunk  | 主干干质量 Dry mass of trunk  | 侧枝鲜质量 Fresh mass of branches  | 侧枝干质量 Dry mass of branches  | 根鲜质量 Fresh mass of root  | 根干质量 Dry mass of root  | 叶鲜质量 Fresh mass of leaves  | 叶干质量 Dry mass of leaves  | 总鲜质量 Total fresh mass  | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 树高 Height | 0.383 | 0.724 | 0.705 | 0.390 | 0.259 | 0.170 | 0.106 | 0.154 | 0.125 | 0.515 | 0.438 | 
| 地径 Diameter | 0.682 | 0.664 | 0.630 | 0.443 | 0.514 | 0.441 | 0.259 | 0.261 | 0.750 | 0.678 | |
主干鲜质量 Fresh mass of trunk  | <0.01 | 0.969 | 0.630 | 0.484 | 0.470 | 0.397 | 0.261 | 0.254 | 0.856 | 0.784 | |
主干干质量 Dry mass of trunk  | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.600 | 0.455 | 0.447 | 0.396 | 0.258 | 0.253 | 0.822 | 0.780 | |
侧枝鲜质量 Fresh mass of branches  | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.700 | 0.340 | 0.250 | 0.316 | 0.286 | 0.782 | 0.708 | |
侧枝干质量 Dry mass of branches  | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.286 | 0.219 | 0.125 | 0.116 | 0.569 | 0.766 | |
根鲜质量 Fresh mass of root  | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.933 | 0.057 | 0.095 | 0.760 | 0.702 | |
根干质量 Dry mass of root  | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.082 | 0.131 | 0.675 | 0.686 | |
叶鲜质量 Fresh mass of leaves  | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.05 | ns | <0.05 | 0.944 | 0.389 | 0.346 | |
叶干质量 Dry mass of leaves  | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.011 | <0.01 | 0.385 | 0.370 | |
总鲜质量 Total fresh mass  | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.915 | |
总干质量 Total dry mass  | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 
表5
尾叶桉无性系遗传参数估算
| 性状Traits | 区组 Block  | 无性系 Clone  | 养分×无性系 Nutrient×Clone  | 水分×无性系 Water×Clone  | 环境方差 Environment  | 重复力±标准误 Repeatability±SE  | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地径Diameter | 0.200 | 4.280** | 1.050* | 0.260 | 18.98*** | 0.15±0.04 | 
| 树高 Height | 26.470 | 259.540** | 235.450*** | — | 1 174.09*** | 0.15±0.05 | 
| 主干鲜质量Fresh mass of trunk | 0.010 | 12 607.300** | 12 212.500** | 0.010 | 89 548.30*** | 0.15±0.04 | 
| 主干干质量Dry mass of trunk | 0.001 | 3 874.440** | 2 628.200** | 0.001 | 16 792.50*** | 0.17±0.05 | 
| 侧枝鲜质量Fresh mass of branches | 66.500 | 7 732.140** | 4 270.660** | 2 650.450* | 42 291.60*** | 0.15±0.04 | 
| 侧枝干质量Dry mass of branches | 2 995.340 | 2 817.860** | 0.001 | 0.010 | 50 151.30*** | 0.05±0.02 | 
| 根鲜质量Fresh mass of root | 2 877.620 | 31 255.800** | 5 276.480 | 4 885.650 | 139 462.00*** | 0.17±0.05 | 
| 根干质量Dry mass of root | 587.320 | 6 261.050** | 1 760.410* | 634.870 | 29 756.10*** | 0.16±0.04 | 
| 叶鲜质量Fresh mass of leaves | 755.810 | 120.200 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 41 470.90*** | — | 
| 叶干质量Dry mass of leaves | 62.780 | 32.560 | 201.760 | 0.003 | 20 617.20*** | — | 
| 总鲜质量Total fresh mass | 12 421.700 | 24 897.500 | 22 119.200 | 36 701.700 | 1 030 170.00*** | — | 
| 总干质量Total dry mass | 2 155.100 | 1 466.790 | 2 431.570 | 11 029.400 | 261 375.00 | — | 
表6
尾叶桉不同处理下优良无性系评选
编号 No.  | 无性系 Clone  | 基因型值Gv | 水分 Water | 养分 Nutrient | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
基因型值1 Gv 1  | 基因型值2 Gv 2  | 基因型值3 Gv 3  | 基因型值1 Gv 1  | 基因型值2 Gv 2  | 基因型值3 Gv 3  | |||
| 13 | ZQUA3 | 25.97 | -3.98 | 123.10 | 80.05 | 3.87 | 13.90 | 22.80 | 
| 20 | ZQUA88 | 20.93 | 12.41 | 120.10 | 27.93 | 9.53 | 4.76 | 18.41 | 
| 1 | UD42 | 14.18 | -15.39 | 39.87 | 84.25 | -3.08 | 3.44 | 21.80 | 
| 8 | LDUC1 | 11.81 | 3.46 | 31.49 | 55.60 | 16.76 | 1.32 | 0.38 | 
| 6 | 3229 | 10.43 | -9.01 | 54.30 | 34.71 | 6.45 | -3.92 | 13.78 | 
| 30 | ZQUD14 | 9.58 | -20.79 | 93.87 | 0.41 | 1.66 | 21.47 | -8.16 | 
| 27 | ZQUA27 | 8.66 | 18.24 | -63.46 | 111.70 | -2.97 | -3.11 | 19.62 | 
| 16 | LDUD5 | 6.63 | 7.76 | 67.96 | -24.91 | 1.45 | 5.76 | 3.14 | 
| 3 | LDUD17 | 6.04 | 11.30 | -6.33 | 41.33 | -4.92 | 9.42 | 4.94 | 
| 23 | ZQUC86 | 6.03 | 36.33 | -27.49 | 37.38 | -13.29 | 32.32 | -9.62 | 
| 32 | UA120 | 4.37 | 2.26 | 31.28 | 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 6.37 | 
| 28 | ZQUC23 | 3.85 | 49.04 | -28.73 | 9.20 | -10.00 | -9.37 | 25.38 | 
| 5 | ZQUB93 | 3.45 | -45.37 | 28.55 | 43.29 | -3.36 | -11.33 | 20.08 | 
| 2 | ZQUC14 | 3.07 | 105.40 | -22.05 | -59.81 | 8.83 | 10.82 | -14.86 | 
| 21 | ZQUB39 | 0.55 | 31.78 | 10.92 | -38.50 | 2.80 | 6.02 | -7.96 | 
| 10 | ZQUB55 | -0.27 | -30.60 | 71.02 | -42.48 | 5.38 | -11.65 | 5.86 | 
| 24 | LDUB94 | -0.96 | -18.81 | 21.07 | -9.62 | -1.87 | 7.65 | -7.28 | 
| 34 | LDUC93 | -1.52 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -11.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -2.37 | 
| 12 | LDUB41 | -2.14 | -20.79 | -18.31 | 22.71 | -2.47 | 7.17 | -8.03 | 
| 33 | ZQUC17 | -2.37 | 13.43 | -31.63 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -3.71 | 
| 29 | ZQUC97 | -2.49 | -29.28 | 40.47 | -30.30 | 7.60 | -12.78 | 1.29 | 
| 7 | ZQUC29 | -2.69 | -38.74 | 14.44 | 3.67 | 7.71 | -3.17 | -8.74 | 
| 4 | ZQUB58 | -2.69 | 9.71 | -11.06 | -19.30 | -3.71 | -5.49 | 4.99 | 
| 9 | ZQUA13 | -3.04 | -21.27 | -76.85 | 74.77 | -8.09 | -1.71 | 5.04 | 
| 19 | 广林9 | -3.56 | -1.50 | -34.16 | 8.36 | 3.10 | 5.10 | -13.77 | 
| 26 | ZQUA29 | -7.82 | 6.30 | 34.49 | -100.80 | 14.93 | -17.09 | -10.06 | 
| 14 | ZQUB16 | -7.89 | -37.86 | -10.50 | -12.18 | -2.77 | -2.76 | -6.81 | 
| 22 | ZQUB78 | -8.55 | -47.44 | -60.27 | 42.13 | -7.54 | -5.83 | 0.00 | 
| 17 | ZQUB28 | -9.17 | 16.89 | -20.67 | -66.51 | -2.02 | 0.81 | -13.12 | 
| 31 | ZQUC44 | -9.49 | 17.96 | -83.57 | -7.18 | 5.23 | 0.30 | -20.36 | 
| 11 | ZQUA22 | -11.23 | 34.01 | -36.47 | -83.64 | 0.13 | 3.80 | -21.47 | 
| 18 | LDUD26 | -16.11 | -12.56 | -119.30 | 8.31 | -1.00 | -17.61 | -6.56 | 
| 25 | LDUD17 | -17.67 | -3.45 | -100.60 | -31.48 | -27.67 | -9.11 | 9.17 | 
| 15 | ZQUA28 | -25.88 | -19.48 | -31.55 | -147.50 | -1.13 | -19.12 | -20.18 | 
附录1 水分和养分梯度试验设计
水分处理 Water treatment  | 土壤相对含水量(t) Soil relative water content /%  | 养分处理 Nutrient treatment  | 基肥 /盆 Basal fertilizer /pot  | 追肥 /盆 Top dressing /pot  | 追肥时间 Time of addition fertilize  | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20<t≤40 | 1 | 钙镁磷肥250 g Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 250 g  | — | — | 
| 2 | 40<t≤60 | 2 | 钙镁磷肥250 g Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 250 g  | 复合肥150 g Compound fertilizer 150 g  | 第二年2月 Feb. of the second year  | 
| 3 | 60<t≤80 | 3 | 钙镁磷肥250 g+复合肥150 g Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 250 g + compound fertilizer 150 g  | 尿素100 g+复合肥150 g Urea 100 g+compound fertilizer 150 g  | 当年8月及第二年2月 Aug. of the current year and Feb. of the next year  | 
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