To further understand the morphological and structural diversity in early ontogeny of angiosperms， the developmental process and characteristics from zygote to seedling stage were studied. The results showed that the embryo development of G. scabra belonged to Solanad type， endosperm development was nuclear type， the differentiation of seed embryo was incomplete when seeds scattered from the capsule， and most seeds developed to the stage of heart-shaped embryos or torpedo embryos. When the seed germinated， the radicle relied on the elongation of the hypocotyl cells to break through the seed coat， forming a root ring at the junction of the hypocotyl and the radicle， and then the root ring hair developed on the root ring. The hair extension grew faster than the radicle at the initial stage. In the development of the radicle， normal root hairs gradually appeared at the tip. The seedlings in the cotyledon state were stagnated for at least 10 days before true leaf development was seen， but while the growth was stagnant on the ground， the underground radicle continued to grow. The characteristics of these organ development sequences reflected the original aquatic relict of the ancestors， and adapted to more arid habitats， which was the further evolution of the secondary terrestrial species.
%U https://bbr.nefu.edu.cn/EN/10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2021.05.005