Molecular Phylogeny of Subtribe Swertiinae

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2021.03.011

Abstract

Abstract:

It was difficult to classify the Subtribe Swertiinae in both taxonomical and phylogenetic in Gentianaceae. To understand the relationship and phylogeny of intergenetic and intra-genetic of Subtribe Swertiinae， 86 species and variants were performed with maximum likelihood（ML） and Bayesian inference methods（BI） based on the sequences of chloroplast DNA matK and rbcL regions. The key evolution period points of Subtribe Swertiinae were estimated through Bayesian analysis of molecular sequences using MCMC. The phylogenetic relationships of Subtribe Swertiinae inferred from molecular evidence were examined against the taxonomic circumscriptions in Ho Ting-nong system（2015）. The result revealed that： ①Subtribe Gentianinae and Swertiinae were monophyletic and sister groups. ②Swertia，Gentianella， Comastoma and Lomatogonium were paraphyletic in relation to each other. ③Speciation of 49（85.96%） species occurred in succession after 4 Ma， and 39（68.42%） species occurred in succession after 2.5 Ma. ④With respect of intra-genetic relationships of Swertia， the taxonomic treatment between subgen. Swertia and subgen. Ophelia were supported by the phylogenies results， while the taxonomic treatment of sect. Ophelia and sect. Platynema were partially supported. ⑤The intergenetic phylogeny of Sinoswertia，Swertia， Gentianella， Comastoma and Lomatogonium need further study， the systematic position of sect. Frasera was still uncertain.

Key words: Subtribe Swertiinae, chloroplast DNA, phylogeny, Gentianaceae

Qian CAO, Long-Hua XU, Jiu-Li WANG, Fa-Qi ZHANG, Shi-Long CHEN. Molecular Phylogeny of Subtribe Swertiinae[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2021, 41(3): 408-418.

Figures/Tables 3

Table 1

Species materials and the GenBank accession number in the phylogenetic analysis

种及个体编号 Species and individual code	序列号 GenBank Accession		分支 Clade
种及个体编号 Species and individual code	matK	rbcL	分支 Clade
苇叶獐牙菜Swertia wardii	KC861244	KX019845	獐牙菜亚属Subgen. Swertia
二叶獐牙菜S.bifolia	KC861232	KX019852	獐牙菜亚属Subgen. Swertia
膜边獐牙菜S.marginata	KC861235	KX019847	獐牙菜亚属Subgen. Swertia
华北獐牙菜S.wolfangiana	KC861227	KX019843	獐牙菜亚属Subgen. Swertia
S.perennis	AJ010528 & AJ011457	KX678083.1	獐牙菜亚属Subgen. Swertia
红直獐牙菜S.erythrosticta 1	KC861266	KX019849	獐牙菜亚属Subgen. Swertia
红直獐牙菜S.erythrosticta 2	KC861267	JF944530	獐牙菜亚属Subgen. Swertia
显脉獐牙菜S.nervosa	LM644049	LM644055	多枝亚属1 Subgen. Ophelia 1
狭叶獐牙菜S.angustifolia	LM644053	LM644059	多枝亚属1 Subgen. Ophelia 1
美丽獐牙菜S.angustifolia var. pulchella	HG917352	HG964542	多枝亚属1 Subgen. Ophelia 1
S.corymbosa	HG917351	HG964541	多枝亚属1 Subgen. Ophelia 1
S.densifolia 1	HG917339	HG964529	多枝亚属1 Subgen. Ophelia 1
S.densifolia 2	HG917343	HG964533	多枝亚属1 Subgen. Ophelia 1
S.lawii	HG917350	HG964539	多枝亚属1 Subgen. Ophelia 1
蒙自獐牙菜S.leducii	KC861268	KC935903	多枝亚属2 Subgen. Ophelia 2
S.paniculata	LM644051	LM644057	多枝亚属2 Subgen. Ophelia 2
獐牙菜S.bimaculata 1	JF956556	JF944518	多枝亚属2 Subgen. Ophelia 2
獐牙菜S.bimaculata 2	JF956557	JF944519	多枝亚属2 Subgen. Ophelia 2
白花獐牙菜S.alba 1	KC935911	KC935899	多枝亚属3 Subgen. Ophelia 3
白花獐牙菜S.alba 2	KC935912	KC935900	多枝亚属3 Subgen. Ophelia 3
大籽獐牙菜S.macrosperma 1	JF956570	JF944536	多枝亚属3 Subgen. Ophelia 3
大籽獐牙菜S.macrosperma 2	JF956573	KC935902	多枝亚属3 Subgen. Ophelia 3
抱茎獐牙菜S.franchetiana	KC861256	JF944535	多枝亚属4 Subgen. Ophelia 4
川西獐牙菜S.mussotii	KC861255	KX019846	多枝亚属4 Subgen. Ophelia 4
紫红獐牙菜S.punicea 1	JF956579	JF944543	多枝亚属4 Subgen. Ophelia 4
紫红獐牙菜S.punicea 2	JF956577	JF944542	多枝亚属4 Subgen. Ophelia 4
单花獐牙菜S.subuniflora 1	KX019837	KX019840	多枝亚属4 Subgen. Ophelia 4
单花獐牙菜S.subuniflora 2	KX019838	KX019841	多枝亚属4 Subgen. Ophelia 4
单花獐牙菜S.subuniflora 2	KX019839	KX019842	多枝亚属4 Subgen. Ophelia 4
印度獐牙菜S.chirayita 1	HG917353	HG964543	多枝亚属5 Subgen. Ophelia 5
印度獐牙菜S.chirayita 2	KU859978	KU859981	多枝亚属5 Subgen. Ophelia 5
毛萼獐牙菜S.hispidicalyx 1	KP184451	KP184457	多枝亚属5 Subgen. Ophelia 5
毛萼獐牙菜S.hispidicalyx 2	KP184453	KP184459	多枝亚属5 Subgen. Ophelia 5
西南獐牙菜S.cincta	JF956563	JF944525	多枝亚属5 Subgen. Ophelia 5
宽丝獐牙菜S.dilatata	KC861265	KX019850	多枝亚属5 Subgen. Ophelia 5
毛獐牙菜S.pubescens	JF956575	JF944540	多枝亚属5 Subgen. Ophelia 5
云南獐牙菜S.yunnanensis 1	JF956584	JF944552	多枝亚属6 Subgen. Ophelia 6
云南獐牙菜S.yunnanensis 2	JF956585	JF944553	多枝亚属6 Subgen. Ophelia 6
细瘦獐牙菜S.tenuis 1	JF956582	JF944547	多枝亚属6 Subgen. Ophelia 6
细瘦獐牙菜S.tenuis 2	JF956583	JF944548	多枝亚属6 Subgen. Ophelia 6
异型花 Sinoswertia tetraptera 1	KC861270	JF944550	HOSSN
异型花S.tetraptera 2	KC861269	JF944551	HOSSN
歧伞獐牙菜S.dichotoma	AJ408035	KX019851	HOSSN
椭圆叶花锚 Halenia elliptica	MH116666	MH117563	HOSSN
心叶獐牙菜S.cordata	KC594672	KX019844
镰萼喉毛花Comastoma falcatum 1	KC861271	KC935878	喉毛花属Gen. Comastoma
镰萼喉毛花C.falcatum 2	KC861272	KC935879	喉毛花属Gen. Comastoma
长梗喉毛花C.pedunculatum 1	KC861273	KC935880
长梗喉毛花C.pedunculatum 2	KC861274	KC935881
C. pseudopulmonarium	KX911141	KX910836	喉毛花属Gen. Comastoma
高杯喉毛花C.traillianum	KC861276	KC935882	喉毛花属Gen. Comastoma
高杯喉毛花C.traillianum	KC935905	KC935883	喉毛花属Gen. Comastoma
斑茎蔓龙胆Crawfurdia maculaticaulis	KX911142	KX910837	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
尖叶假龙胆G.acuta	KX526638	KX527324	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
G.amarella	JN966311	JN965558	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
G.anglica 1	JN894540	JN891638	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
G.anglica 2	JN896134	JN893666	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
黑边假龙胆G.azurea 1	KC861284	KC935884
黑边假龙胆G.azurea 2	KC935906	KC935885
G.bellidifolia	AJ388162 & AJ388232	KT626711	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
G.campestris 1	JN894539	JN892657	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
G.campestris 2	JN895553	JN892868	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
密花假龙胆G.gentianoides	KC861285	KC935886
密花假龙胆G.gentianoides	KC861286	KC935887
G.germanica	AJ406335 & AJ406363	KF997490	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
G.propinqua 1	JN966313	JN965562	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
G.propinqua 2	JN966314	JN965564	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
G.propinqua subsp. arctophila	KC474860	KC482926	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
G.quinquefolia	AJ406341 & AJ406369	KF496035	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
G.uliginosa	JN895551	JN892866	假龙胆属Gen. Gentianella
扁蕾Gentianopsis barbata 1	KC861287	KC935888	扁蕾属Gen. Getianopsis
扁蕾G.barbata 2	KC861288	KC935889	扁蕾属Gen. Getianopsis
Gentianopsis ciliata	AJ388164 & AJ388234	KM360802	扁蕾属Gen. Getianopsis
迴旋扁蕾G.contorta 1	KC861289	KC935890	扁蕾属Gen. Getianopsis
G.contorta 2	KC861290	KC935891	扁蕾属Gen. Getianopsis
G.crinita	AJ406345 & AJ406373	KF613047	扁蕾属Gen. Getianopsis
G.holopetala	MF963443	MF963066	扁蕾属Gen. Getianopsis
湿生扁蕾G.paludosa 1	KC861292	KC935892	扁蕾属Gen. Getianopsis
湿生扁蕾G.paludosa 2	KC935907	KC935893	扁蕾属Gen. Getianopsis
辐花 Lomatogoniopsis alpina	KC861239	JQ933391
Lomatogonium carinthiacum 1	KC935908	KC935895	肋柱花属Gen. Lomatogonium
L.carinthiacum 2	KC935909	KC935896	肋柱花属Gen. Lomatogonium
大花肋柱花L.macranthum	KT280232	KT280127	肋柱花属Gen. Lomatogonium
辐状肋柱花L.rotatum 1	KC935910	KC935897	肋柱花属Gen. Lomatogonium
辐状肋柱花L.rotatum 2	KC861294	KC935898	肋柱花属Gen. Lomatogonium
铺散肋柱花L.thomsonii	KX911144	KX910870
峨眉双蝴蝶Tripterospermum cordatum	KX911146	KX527240	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
Metagentiana rhodantha	JN162102	JN162113	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
Saccifolium bandeirae	HQ384550	AJ242609	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
粗茎秦艽Gentiana crassicaulis	KC861277	KJ947517	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
麻花艽G.straminea	KC861281	GQ436509	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
达乌里秦艽G.dahurica	KC861279	KM226715	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
G.acaulis	KU673862	KF602225	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
阿墩子龙胆G.atuntsiensis	KU512399	KU512521	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
头花龙胆G.cephalantha	KU512403	KU512519	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
G.cruciata	KJ746189	KJ746282	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
龙胆G.scabra	JN162093	JN162105	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
G.purpurea	AJ429323	KF602228	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
新疆秦艽G.walujewii	KU512457	KU512464	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
云南龙胆G.yunnanensis	KU512458	KU512463	龙胆亚族Subtrib. Gentianinae
Centaurium erythraea	HM850820	HM849874	Trib. Chironimeae
Blackstonia perfoliata	HM850819	HM849816	Trib. Chironimeae
Cicendia filiformis	HM850824	HM849894	Trib. Chironimeae
Sabatia angularis	HQ384549	JQ592140	Trib. Chironimeae
S.stellaris	KJ773109	KJ773856	Trib. Chironimeae
Lisianthius skinneri	JQ587945	JQ592140	Trib. Chironimeae
Zeltnera muehlenbergii	MF963471	MF963085	Trib. Chironimeae
Obolaria virginica 1	KP642775	KP643633
Frasera albicaulis var. modocensis	MF963525	MF963160
藻百年Exacum tetragonum	LM644054	LM644054
Chelonanthus alatus	JQ587942	JQ592137

Table 1

Fig.1

Fig. 2

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