睡莲科植物叶与陆生草本植物叶供耗水特征差异

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.05.003

植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 675-685.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.05.003

睡莲科植物叶与陆生草本植物叶供耗水特征差异

胡昕怡¹, 许黎明²(), 覃伯韬¹, 安倚东¹, 蒋国凤¹()

^1.广西大学林学院，广西森林生态与保育重点实验室，广西高校亚热带人工林培育与利用重点实验室，南宁 530004
^2.广西工业职业技术学院-医药康养学院，壮瑶医药药用生物产业技术工程研究中心，壮瑶医药药用植物园，大健康协同创新中心，南宁 530001

收稿日期:2025-03-06 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-09-28
通讯作者: 许黎明,蒋国凤 E-mail:dawn111305@163.com;gfjiang@gxu.edu.cn
作者简介:胡昕怡（1997—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事植物生理生态学研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金地区项目(32460373);广西自然科学基金重点项目(2022GXNSFDA035059);亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家实验室开放课题基金项目(SKLCUSA-b201903);广西巴马县科技人才计划项目(巴人科20220011)

Distinct Water Supply and Consumption Characteristics in Leaves between Nymphaeaceae and Terrestrial Herbs

Xinyi HU¹, Liming XU²(), Botao QIN¹, Yidong AN¹, Guofeng JIANG¹()

^1.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation，Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation，College of Forestry，Guangxi University，Nanning 530004
^2.Industrial Technology Engineering Center for Zhuang & Yao Medicinal Organisms，Botanical Garden of Zhuang & Yao Medicinal Plants，Collaborative Innovation Center of Great Health，College of Medicine and Health Care，Guangxi Vocational & Technical Institute of Industry，Nanning 530001

Received:2025-03-06 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-09-28
Contact: Liming XU, Guofeng JIANG E-mail:dawn111305@163.com;gfjiang@gxu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

陆生被子植物主要通过叶脉与气孔的协调来平衡供耗水，表皮细胞在此过程中发挥重要作用。然而，在睡莲科（Nymphaeaceae）植物中相关研究非常有限。该研究以7种睡莲科植物、6种陆生草本植物为对象，通过量化分析花、叶的解剖特征，探讨睡莲科种内及2类群间花、叶性状差异。结果表明：睡莲科植物花比叶具更大的气孔、表皮细胞及更高的脉密度，叶表现出更高的气孔密度、表皮细胞密度及气孔指数。睡莲科植物花的解剖性状与陆生草本植物相似，叶的表皮细胞密度、气孔密度显著高于陆生草本植物叶，气孔大小、表皮细胞大小、叶脉密度、气孔指数显著低于陆生草本植物叶。睡莲科植物花气孔密度与表皮细胞大小、花脉密度均无关；叶中表皮细胞大小与气孔密度呈负相关，气孔密度与叶脉密度解耦。主成分分析表明，与陆生草本植物相比较，睡莲科植物花具有表皮细胞密度优势；叶性状区域完全分离，睡莲科植物叶具有表皮细胞密度和气孔密度优势。综上，睡莲科植物花因挺水特征表现出与陆生草本植物花相似的性状，叶片中气孔与脉之间的解耦反映了其对水生环境的适应性演化。上述结果为研究水生植物水分利用特征及环境适应机制提供了重要依据。

关键词: 睡莲科, 陆生草本, 供耗水, 气孔, 表皮细胞, 脉

Abstract:

In terrestrial angiosperms， the balance between water supply and consumption is primarily regulated through the coordination of leaf veins and stomata， with epidermal cells playing a significant role in this process. However， research on Nymphaeaceae species remains very limited. In this study， seven species of Nymphaeaceae and six species of terrestrial herbaceous plants were selected as materials. Through quantitative analysis of floral and leaf anatomical traits， the intraspecific variation within Nymphaeaceae and the differences in floral and leaf characteristics between the two plant groups were examined. The results indicated that flowers of Nymphaeaceae plants exhibited larger stomatal size， epidermal cells size， and a higher vein density than leaves， whereas leaves displayed greater stomatal density， epidermal cell density， and stomatal index. The anatomical traits of Nymphaeaceae flowers were similar to those of terrestrial herbaceous flowers， except for epidermal cell size. However， the epidermal cell density and stomatal density of leaves were significantly higher than those of terrestrial herbs， while stomatal size， epidermal cell size， vein density and stomatal index were notably lower than those of the terrestrial herbs. The stomatal density of Nymphaeaceae flowers had no correlation with either epidermal cell size or floral vein density； in leaves， epidermal cell size had a negative correlation with stomatal density， and no significant association was found between stomatal density and leaf vein density. Principal component analysis revealed that， compared to terrestrial herbaceous plants， Nymphaeaceae flowers had an advantage in epidermal cell density； meanwhile， leaf trait spaces were completely separated， with Nymphaeaceae leaves exhibiting higher epidermal cell density and stomatal density. In conclusion， the flowers of Nymphaeaceae exhibited the traits similar with terrestrial herbs， likely due to their water-retaining characteristics， while the decoupling of stomata and veins in leaves reflected adaptive evolution in the aquatic environment. These findings provided the valuable foundation for further research on water-use characteristics and environmental adaptation mechanisms in aquatic plants.

Key words: Nymphaeaceae, terrestrial herbs, water relations, stomata, epidermal cell, veins

中图分类号:

Q945.79

胡昕怡, 许黎明, 覃伯韬, 安倚东, 蒋国凤. 睡莲科植物叶与陆生草本植物叶供耗水特征差异[J]. 植物研究, 2025, 45(5): 675-685.

Xinyi HU, Liming XU, Botao QIN, Yidong AN, Guofeng JIANG. Distinct Water Supply and Consumption Characteristics in Leaves between Nymphaeaceae and Terrestrial Herbs[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(5): 675-685.

图/表 6

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序号 No.	物种名 Name	科 Family	属 Genus	生长型 Growth form
1	鬼针草Bidens pilosa	菊科Compositae	鬼针草属Bidens	陆生草本Terrestrial herb
2	蓝花草Ruellia simplex	爵床科Acanthaceae	芦莉草属Ruellia	陆生草本Terrestrial herb
3	水鬼蕉Hymenocallis littoralis	石蒜科Amaryllidaceae	水鬼蕉属Hymenocallis	陆生草本Terrestrial herb
4	韭莲Zephyranthes carinata	石蒜科Amaryllidaceae	葱莲属 Zephyranthes	陆生草本Terrestrial herb
5	葱莲Zephyranthes candida	石蒜科Amaryllidaceae	葱莲属 Zephyranthes	陆生草本Terrestrial herb
6	红掌Anthurium andraeanum	天南星科Araceae	花烛属Anthurium	陆生草本Terrestrial herb
7	睡莲Nymphaea tetragona	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	睡莲属Nymphaea	水生草本Aquatic herb
8	喀麦隆睡莲Nymphaea zenkeri	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	睡莲属Nymphaea	水生草本Aquatic herb
9	齿叶睡莲Nymphaea lotus	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	睡莲属Nymphaea	水生草本Aquatic herb
10	蓝睡莲Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	睡莲属Nymphaea	水生草本Aquatic herb
11	印度红睡莲Nymphaea rubra	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	睡莲属Nymphaea	水生草本Aquatic herb
12	变色睡莲Nymphaea atrans	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	睡莲属Nymphaea	水生草本Aquatic herb
13	萍蓬草Nuphar pumila	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	萍蓬草属Nuphar	水生草本Aquatic herb

器官 Organ	植物类群 Plant group	气孔大小 Stomatal size/μm²	表皮细胞大小 Epidermal cell size/μm²	气孔密度 Stomatal density/ （No. mm^-2）	表皮细胞密度 Epidermal cell density/（No. mm^-2）	气孔指数 Stomatal index	脉密度 Vein density/ （mm∙mm^-2）
花 Flower	陆生草本植物 Terrestrial plants	864.12±124.02^Aa	2 003.17±335.16^Aa	26.65±6.42^Ab	528.40±102.49^Aa	5.09±1.09^Ab	1.91±0.25^Ab
花 Flower	睡莲科植物 Nymphaeaceae	618.88±71.94^Aa	1 125.06±170.51^Ba	27.89±15.15^Ab	965.03±189.23^Ab	2.51±0.70^Ab	1.99±0.16^Aa
叶 Leaf	陆生草本植物 Terrestrial plants	1 088.04±243.97^Aa	3 779.24±1 039.91^Aa	244.85±91.55^Ba	221.02±76.53^Bb	41.93±10.46^Aa	5.45±1.39^Aa
叶 Leaf	睡莲科植物 Nymphaeaceae	292.90±11.35^Bb	276.74±36.01^Bb	529.22±41.66^Aa	3 032.91±293.07^Aa	15.24±1.18^Ba	1.15±0.07^Bb

睡莲科植物叶与陆生草本植物叶供耗水特征差异

Distinct Water Supply and Consumption Characteristics in Leaves between Nymphaeaceae and Terrestrial Herbs

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